PROFLIGHT
TRAINING SYSTEMS
SHORT
FIELD TAKEOFFS &CLIMBS
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of "Short Field
Takeoffs and Climbs" is to develop your ability to exercise positive
and precise control of your airplane's attitude and airspeed so that takeoff
and climb performance results in the shortest ground roll and steepest
angle-of-climb.
Type of Aircraft:
| Make__________________ |
Model__________________ |
Speeds________________________________ |
| |
|
Power Settings_________________________ |
| |
|
Configurations__________________________ |
Time Allotted for:
| Formal Classroom_______________________ |
Pre & Post____________________________________________ |
| In-Flight Dual___________________________ |
In-Flight Solo__________________________________________ |
Points For Discussion:
| a. Analyzing takeoff conditions |
h. Power application and
brake release |
| b. Performance and operating procedures |
i. Point of flap extension |
| c. Pilot's Operating Handbook/Flight
Manual |
j. Acceleration in low-drag configuration |
| d. Vx and Vy |
k.Vx over obstacles or (50' no obstacles) |
| e. Speed variance and climb performance |
l. Common errors (over rotation) |
| f. Airspeed control and attitude |
m.Retracting flaps and landing gear |
| g. Positioning for takeoff |
n. Practical Test
Standards |
Instructor's Comments:
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This is Sample Page 3 of Flight Brief Booklet. (This illustration
opposite page 2 .)
SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB
STUDENT NOTES:
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This is Sample Page 2 of Flight Brief Booklet. (Provides a
textual description of illustration -page 3 above.)
SHORT FIELD TAKEOFFS AND CLIMBS
Taking-off and climbing from fields where
the takeoff area is short or the available takeoff area is restricted by
obstructions requires that you operate your airplane at the limit of its
takeoff performance capabilities.
The objective of a "Short Field Takeoff and Climb" is to
develop your ability to exercise precise control over your airplane's attitude
and airspeed so that takeoff and climb performance results in the shortest
groundroll and the steepest angle-of-climb.
Your power setting, flap setting, airspeed, and operating procedures
for "Short Field Takeoffs and Climbs" should be those prescribed
by your airplane manufacturer. Carefully review your FAA Approved Airplane
Flight Manual or Pilot's Operating Handbook for these procedures.
In order to accomplish a maximum performance takeoff safely, you
must thoroughly understand the use and effectiveness of best angle-of-climb
speed (Vx) and best rate-of-climb speed (Vy) for your airplane. (See your
Flight Manual or Operating Handbook for these speeds.)
Best angle-of-climb speed (Vx) is that speed which will result in
the greatest gain in altitude for a given distance over the ground. It
is usually slightly less than best rate-of-climb speed (Vy) which provides
the greatest gain in altitude per unit of time. In some airplanes even
a 5 knot variance from recommended speed will result in a significant reduction
in climb performance. Therefore precise control of airspeed has an important
bearing on the safety of a "Short Field Takeoff and Climb".
You should begin your takeoff roll as far back in the takeoff area
as is practical and accelerate as rapidly as possible. Promptly apply maximum
allowable power while releasing your brakes. If flaps are recommended they
should be extended before starting your takeoff roll. (There is no significant
advantage to extending your flaps just prior to lift-off.)
With no hesitation, accelerate your airplane as rapidly as possible.
Adjust your pitch attitude and your angle-of-attack to result in the least
amount of drag for quickest acceleration. In a nose wheel airplane you'll
need very little pitch adjustment as your airplane is already in a low
drag configuration. In a tail wheel type airplane allow your tail to rise
off the ground slightly then hold this tail-low attitude until you attain
rotation airspeed.
Leave full weight on your main wheels and accelerate to rotation.
Then, smoothly and firmly, lift off by applying back pressure to attain
the proper attitude for best angle-of-climb speed (Vx)
until all obstacles have been cleared, or if no obstacles are involved,
until you are at least 50' feet above the takeoff surface. Thereafter,
your pitch attitude may be lowered slightly and your climb continued at
best rate-of-climb (Vy) until you reach a safe maneuvering altitude.
Don't attempt to pull your airplane off the ground prematurely, or
climb too steeply, you may settle back to the ground or into the obstacles.
(Your instructor will carefully explain
the use of proper pitch attitudes to control airspeed.) Remember: fly attitude
and cross-check your airspeed indicator for confirmation. And also remember,
your airspeed indicator lags because of your airplane's inertia.
On "Short Field Takeoffs and Climbs"
your flaps and landing gear should remain in takeoff position until well
clear of all obstacles (or as recommended by the manufacturer) and best
rate-of-climb speed (Vy) has been established. Keep your head out of the
cockpit until obstacle clearance is assured. When (Vy) has been stabilized
you may start your flap retraction. (Your instructor will demonstrate how
to raise your flaps in increments to avoid settling.) After your flaps
are fully retracted you may raise your landing gear, (if so equipped) and
reduce power to normal climb setting. Be sure to practice "Short Field
Takeoffs and Climbs" as often as possible.
Note- Cross-reference your "Normal Takeoffs
and Climbs" FlightBrief with this FlightBrief.
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This is Sample Page 4 of Flight Brief Booklet- Short-Field Takeoff
And Climb
FAA PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS S-8081-14S
Takeoffs, Landings And Go-Arounds
AREA OF OPERATION IV
TASK: SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB Reference: AC
61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, and FAA Approved Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field
takeoff and climb.
2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions;
sets the flaps as recommended.
3. Clears the area; taxies into the takeoff position so as to allow
maximum utilization of available takeoff area and aligns the
airplane on the runway centerline.
4. Advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.
5. Rotates at recommended airspeed, lifts off and accelerates to
the recommended obstacle clearance airspeed or Vx.
6. Establishes the pitch attitude for the recommended obstacle clearance
airspeed, or Vx, and maintains that airspeed, +10/-5 knots,
until the obstacle is cleared, or until the airplane
is 50 feet (20 meters) above the surface.
7. After clearing the obstacle, accelerates to Vy, establishes the
pitch attitude for Vy, and maintains Vy, +10/-5
knots, during the climb.
8. Retracts the landing gear, if retractable,
and flaps after a positive rate-of-climb is established.
9. Maintains takeoff power to a safe maneuvering altitude.
10. Maintains directional control
and proper wind drift correction throughout the takeoff and climb.
11. Complies with noise abatement
procedures.
12. Completes the appropriate checklist.
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